Other library resource(s)
Financial geographies of debt and crisis from Oxford Bibliographies Online by Call Number: Electronic resourceISBN: 9780199874002Debt and crises have become defining features of the contemporary global economy. Geographic scholarship on debt and crises is typically subsumed within economic geography and the geography of finance. Geographers have helped increase our understanding of the spatial dynamics of finance, debt, and crises by demonstrating their network linkages and uneven geographies and by highlighting the importance of scale in understanding financial crises and systems. Much geographic work on debt and crises has drawn on the Marxist political economy framework of David Harvey. ...
Overcoming redlining in Weinland Park, Columbus, Ohio by Call Number: Streaming videoWeinland Park does not refer to itself as a "model" for other communities but rather, an "example." With nearly 20 non-profits working together, Weinland Park has been transformed into a mixed-income neighborhood with both remodeled Section-8 housing and market-level homes. The concept is to create one-community without disparity between neighbors. Those living in subsidized housing receive supportive services and programs that enable them to cope with challenges.
Internet resource(s)
- Addressing the Legacies of Historical Redlining: Correlations with Measures of Modern Housing Instability from the Urban Institute
“Redlining” of neighborhoods, one of a number of explicitly racist United States federal housing policies in the mid–twentieth century, blocked Black households and other communities of color from accessing home mortgages—and as a result homeownership—for decades. The practice has been linked to present day racialized neighborhood poverty and ongoing negative impacts on formerly redlined neighborhoods. ... - The Lasting Legacy of Redlining from the FiveThirtyEight projectThey looked at 138 formerly redlined cities and found most were still segregated — just like they were designed to be.
Defining "redlining"
The practice whereby financial institutions clandestinely designate certain areas of a city as high-risk in terms of lending, with the result that residents of such areas or prospective buyers are effectively blocked from obtaining loans. Redlining is often associated with racial discrimination and is generally illegal.
Rogers, A., Castree, N., & Kitchin, R. (2013). Redlining. In A Dictionary of Human Geography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 Jul. 2023
Limiting or charging more for things such as banking, insurance, health care, or even supermarkets, to people who live in what are seen as high-risk districts. ‘The practice originated in the 1930s, when federal agencies encouraged lenders to rate neighbourhoods for mortgage risk. Since the 1960s, especially in the US, it has been associated with disinvestment, racial discrimination, and neighbourhood decline. It has always been viewed as a feature of the inner city. Historical evidence indicates that across Canada the first areas to be redlined were the less-desirable suburbs’ (Forrester (2003) Urb. Studs 40, 13 2661. Harris (2003) Canad. Geogr./Géogr. canad. 47, 3 argues that the suburban origin of redlining in Canada ‘perpetuated social class diversity in Canadian suburbs.’ Eisenhauer (2001) GeoJournal 53, 2 describes the location of out-of-town superstores as ‘supermarket redlining’.
Mayhew, S. (2015). Redlining. In A Dictionary of Geography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 13 Jul. 2023
In the library's collections
- redliningThis is a keyword search in the online catalog.
Introductory reading(s)
The color of credit: mortgage descrimination, research methodology, and fair-lending enforcement by Call Number: Baker-Berry HG 2040.2 .R67 2002ISBN: 9780262182287An analysis of current findings on mortgage-lending discrimination and suggestions for new procedures to improve its detection. In 2000, homeownership in the United States stood at an all-time high of 67.4 percent, but the homeownership rate was more than 50 percent higher for non-Hispanic whites than for blacks or Hispanics. Homeownership is the most common method for wealth accumulation and is viewed as critical for access to the most desirable communities and most comprehensive public services. ...
Discriminating risk: the U.S. mortgage lending industry in the twentieth century by Call Number: eBookISBN: 9780801440663The U.S. home mortgage industry first formalized risk criteria in the 1920s and 1930s to determine which applicants should receive funds. Over the past eighty years, these formulae have become more sophisticated. Guy Stuart demonstrates that the very concepts on which lenders base their decisions reflect a set of social and political values about "who deserves what." Stuart examines the fine line between licit choice and illicit discrimination, arguing that lenders, while eradicating blatantly discriminatory practices, have ignored the racial and economic-class biases that remain encoded in their decision processes. ...
Discrimination in mortgage lending by Call Number: Baker-Berry HG 2040.2 .S29ISBN: 9780262191920This book substitutes rigorous and systematic analysis for the undocumented claims that have characterized the debate on "redlining"—the denial of mortgage money to poorer neighborhoods. In addition, Schafer and Ladd discuss discrimination against individuals, appraisal practices, and the likelihood of default, analyze recent policy decisions, and recommend a range of new policies. The thorough documentation that supports this analysis was obtained through an examination of individual mortgage applications—denials as well as approvals—in New York and California, the only two states in which such data is available, its disclosure mandated under state law. One of the book's major findings is that discrimination in home financing is based far more on an individual's race than on the location of the property—that although the redlining debate has turned on the issue of geographic discrimination, the underlying reality is one of racial discrimination, and individuals are more often the targets than are neighborhoods. ...Discrimination in mortgage lending: a study of three cities by
Call Number: Baker-Berry HG 2040.2 .K56
Selected book title(s)
The color of law: a forgotten history of how our government segregated America by Call Number: Baker-Berry E 185.61 .R8185 2017ISBN: 9781631492853Publication Date: 1st ed.In this groundbreaking history of the modern American metropolis, Richard Rothstein explodes the myth that America's cities came to be racially divided through de facto segregation that is, through individual prejudices, income differences, or the actions of private institutions like banks and real estate agencies. Rather, The Color of Law incontrovertibly makes clear that it was de jure segregation the laws and policy decisions passed by local, state, and federal governments that actually promoted the discriminatory patterns that continue to this day. ...
Redlining to reinvestment: community responses to urban disinvestment by Call Number: Baker-Berry HG 1642 .U5 F76 1992ISBN: 9780877229841After decades of suffering redlining and disinvestment by financial institutions, many communities have learned to fight back successfully. In more than seventy U.S. cities, over 300 community-based organizations have negotiated at least eighteen billion dollars in reinvestment commitments in recent years. In original essays, well-known community activists and activist academics tell the stories of some of the most successful reinvestment campaigns in Boston, Pittsburgh, Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, Atlanta, and California. ...Redlining update: a supplement to Exchange bibliography no. 1486 by
Call Number: Baker-Berry Z 690 .A1 C62 no. 51-60ISBN: 9780866020589
Well worth saving: how the New Deal safeguarded home ownership by Call Number: eBookISBN: 9780226082448The urgent demand for housing after World War I fueled a boom in residential construction that led to historic peaks in home ownership. Foreclosures at the time were rare, and when they did happen, lenders could quickly recoup their losses by selling into a strong market. But no mortgage system is equipped to deal with credit problems on the scale of the Great Depression. As foreclosures quintupled, it became clear that the mortgage system of the 1920s was not up to the task, and borrowers, lenders, and real estate professionals sought action at the federal level. Well Worth Saving tells the story of the disastrous housing market during the Great Depression and the extent to which an immensely popular New Deal relief program, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC), was able to stem foreclosures by buying distressed mortgages from lenders and refinancing them. ...
Finding scholarly articles & journals
Federal 'redlining' maps: a critical reappraisal from Urban Studies by Call Number: Electronic journal articleIn the past decade, the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation’s (HOLC) so-called ‘redlining’ maps have gone from a niche corner of urban historical scholarship to the centre of mainstream narratives about racism in the United States. In this paper, I map this journey and trace the contours of the ongoing debates that have emerged, identifying two competing camps I call ‘HOLC Culpablism’ and ‘HOLC Scepticism’. ...
Web of science citation databases by Call Number: Electronic resourceThe online version of 3 separate ISI indexes: Arts & Humanities Citation Index, Science Citation Index and, Social Sciences Citation Index.
