Iran’s involvement with cinema began in the 1890s, with filmed records of royal events commissioned by the then monarch (see actualities); the first public cinemas opened at the start of the 20th century. Locally-produced feature films did not appear until the 1930s, however: a silent comedy, Abi va Rabi/Abi and Rabi (Avanes Ohanian) was released in 1930; and the same director made Haji Aqa, actor-e cinema/Haji, the Movie Actor (1932), on a persistent theme in Iranian cinema, the conflict between modernity and religious tradition. The first Persian-language talkie, Dokhtar-e Lor/The Lor Girl, directed in India by Iranian expatriate Ardeshir M. Irani, was released in 1933. During these years audiences were drawn largely from the metropolitan upper classes, and cinema screens were dominated by US and European films, a state of affairs prompting pressure on exhibitors from religious groups troubled about the spread of Western morals. ...
Kuhn, A., & Westwell, G. (2020). Iran, film in. In A Dictionary of Film Studies. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 May. 2021
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